测试策略

JUnit 5 基础

单元测试

class UserServiceTest {
    
    @Mock
    private UserRepository userRepository;
    
    @InjectMocks
    private UserService userService;
    
    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
    }
    
    @Test
    void testFindById() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1L);
        user.setUsername("testuser");
        
        when(userRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(user));
        
        User found = userService.findById(1L);
        
        assertNotNull(found);
        assertEquals("testuser", found.getUsername());
        verify(userRepository, times(1)).findById(1L);
    }
}

集成测试

@SpringBootTest
class UserIntegrationTest {
    
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    
    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;
    
    @Test
    @Transactional
    void testCreateAndFindUser() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("integrationuser");
        user.setEmail("integration@example.com");
        
        User saved = userService.save(user);
        assertNotNull(saved.getId());
        
        User found = userService.findById(saved.getId());
        assertEquals("integrationuser", found.getUsername());
    }
}

MockMvc 测试

@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class UserControllerTest {
    
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
    @Test
    void testGetUser() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/users/1"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.username").value("testuser"));
    }
}

返回第四章概览