Docker 部署

Dockerfile

FROM python:3.11-slim

WORKDIR /app

# 安装依赖
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

# 复制应用代码
COPY . .

# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 8000

# 启动命令
CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

docker-compose.yml

version: '3.8'

services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    environment:
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:password@db:5432/dbname
    depends_on:
      - db
    volumes:
      - .:/app

  db:
    image: postgres:15
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_USER=user
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password
      - POSTGRES_DB=dbname
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"

volumes:
  postgres_data:

构建和运行

# 构建镜像
docker build -t fastapi-app .

# 运行容器
docker run -d -p 8000:8000 fastapi-app

# 使用 docker-compose
docker-compose up -d
docker-compose down
docker-compose logs -f

生产优化

多阶段构建

# 构建阶段
FROM python:3.11 as builder

WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --user --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

# 运行阶段
FROM python:3.11-slim

WORKDIR /app

# 复制依赖
COPY --from=builder /root/.local /root/.local
ENV PATH=/root/.local/bin:$PATH

# 复制应用
COPY . .

# 非 root 用户
RUN useradd -m -u 1000 appuser && chown -R appuser:appuser /app
USER appuser

CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

Gunicorn + Uvicorn

pip install gunicorn

CMD ["gunicorn", "main:app", "--workers", "4", "--worker-class", "uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000"]

健康检查

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
  CMD python -c "import requests; requests.get('http://localhost:8000/health')"

@app.get("/health")
def health_check():
    return {"status": "healthy"}

返回第四章概览